After close call between planes at JFK, we examine simultaneous approaches on parallel runways

An American Airlines flight and a Tradewind Aviation flight nearly collided on Nov. 10 during simultaneous descents at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), according to various media reports.Both planes were cleared to land at the same time but the Tradewind flight reportedly deviated from its assigned path, causing concern for the American Airlines pilot. They narrowly avoided a collision, with the Tradewind flight changing course. The American Airlines flight involved an Airbus A321, inbound from Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). It was cleared for the ILS approach on Runway 22 Left. The Tradewind Aviation flight involved a Pilatus PC-12 from Westchester County Airport (HPN) in White Plains, New York; it was cleared for the approach on Runway 22 Right. RELATED STORIES:Plane diverts to JFK after horse escapes on board Fuel tanker overturns at JFK, 4,000 gallons spill on runwayThe American Airlines pilot, after landing, requested information from the tower and expressed concern about the clearance given to the Tradewind flight. "If we hadn't bailed out, we would have collided," a pilot in the Airbus told the tower after landing. The incident comes amidst raised concerns in the aviation industry about increased near misses, with some blaming to air traffic controller staffing shortages. Many have called on the FAA to do more, despite the federal agency's already strong history of maintaining strict safety standards. RELATED STORIES:FAA convenes panel of experts to address air traffic controller fatigue NBAA releases guide on reducing runway excursions FAA enhancing ATC training, deploying tower simulator systemsThe incident is just the latest to underscore the need for continued vigilance in aviation safety.Simultaneous approaches to parallel runways are a common practice in aviation, especially at busy airports, to increase the efficiency of air traffic operations. However, there are potential hazards and challenges associated with this procedure that need careful consideration. Here is a list of things for pilots to consider when it comes to maintaining safety when conducting simultaneous approaches on parallel runways. Risk of Runway Incursions Simultaneous approaches require precise coordination to avoid the risk of runway incursions. Pilots must adhere strictly to assigned paths and clearances to prevent conflicts with the parallel runway. Spacing and Separation Maintaining a safe distance between aircraft on parallel approaches is critical. Adequate spacing must be maintained to avoid wake turbulence and to ensure there is sufficient room for each aircraft to land and exit the runway without interference. Wake Turbulence Aircraft generate wake turbulence as they move through the air. Simultaneous approaches require careful consideration of wake turbulence effects, particularly when one aircraft is following closely behind another. Proper separation and spacing guidelines are in place to mitigate this hazard. Communication Challenges Effective communication between air traffic controllers and pilots is crucial. Any breakdown in communication or misunderstanding of instructions could lead to deviations from assigned paths and increase the risk of conflicts. Weather Conditions Adverse weather conditions, such as low visibility or strong crosswinds, can complicate simultaneous approaches. Pilots and air traffic controllers must assess weather conditions and adjust procedures accordingly to ensure safe operations. Runway Incursion Detection Systems Airports often employ advanced technology, such as Runway Incursion Detection Systems, to enhance safety during simultaneous approaches. These systems help monitor and detect potential runway incursions, providing additional layers of safety. Pilot Awareness and Training Pilots need to be well-trained and aware of the specific procedures and protocols for simultaneous approaches to parallel runways. This includes understanding the importance of adhering to assigned paths and communicating effectively with air traffic control. Air Traffic Controller Workload Air traffic controllers managing simultaneous approaches face increased workloads and must be skilled in managing multiple aircraft on parallel paths. Adequate staffing levels and efficient communication are essential. Go-Around Procedures Pilots must be prepared to execute go-around procedures if needed, especially if spacing, separation, or any other safety parameter cannot be maintained during the approach. Overall, while simultaneous approaches to parallel runways are a routine and well-established practice, diligent coordination, effective communication, and adherence to safety protocols are essential to mitigate potential hazards and ensure the safe operation of air traffic.